Fifth Disease Exposure During Pregnancy: What You Need to Know

Question
Hello - I'm almost 5 months pregnant and my 5-year old nephew has Fifth Disease.  I'm very close to my sister's children and my contact with him before the symptoms appeared was close.  My OBGYN ordered parvovirus B19 levels and IgG and IgM tests and I just got the results today.  She said the tests show that I don't currently have the infection.  However, it did show that I was exposed to it in the past.  Does that mean I am now immune to it?  She wasn't sure.  I would like clarity on this as my nieces might be contagious and not yet have symptoms.  I'm not sure if I should stay away from my sister's children all together.  Your insight is much appreciated.

Answer
Dear Celinda,

Because fifth disease is a mild illness, many adults may not be aware that they have had it in the past, especially since many people do not have symptoms. About 50% of adults have had the infection, have antibodies to the virus, and are immune. These antibodies prevent infection for you and your unborn baby. The blood tests can you had done to look for the antibodies can show if you have had a recent infection or are not immune. From what you have shared, it sounds as if it is quite possible that you have had a previous infection or exposure and have developed some immunity to human parvovirus B19.

However - to be on the safe side, I would not put yourself at undue risk by exposing you/your baby to your nieces or nephew for a bit longer. The incubation period (the time between infection and the development of the illness) is between 4 and 21 days. Individuals with fifth disease are most infectious before the onset of symptoms and are unlikely to be contagious after the development of the rash and other symptoms. I would suggest keeping your distance from the little ones for about 2-3 weeks.

I hope this has helped you and answered your question. I wish you well.

Brenda