1. Stop Digging Immediately!
* This is the most crucial first step. Continuing to dig will only exacerbate the problem.
2. Assess the Situation Carefully:
* Water Flow: How much water is flowing? Is it a trickle or a significant stream?
* Water Clarity: Is the water clear, or is it carrying sediment? Sediment indicates erosion and instability.
* Source: Can you identify the general direction the water is coming from?
* Soil Type: What type of soil are you dealing with? Some soils are more stable than others when saturated.
* Location: Where is the spring located in relation to the planned foundation footprint?
3. Contact the Professionals:
* Geotechnical Engineer: This is the most important professional to consult. They can analyze the soil conditions, water flow, and potential impact on the foundation. They will provide recommendations for mitigation.
* Structural Engineer: They'll assess how the spring impacts the foundation design and strength requirements. They may need to modify the foundation plans.
* Contractor: Keep your contractor informed immediately. They will be essential in implementing any solutions.
* Local Building Inspector/Authorities: Check your local building codes. You may need to get revised permits or approval for any changes to the foundation plan.
4. Possible Solutions (Dependent on Professional Recommendations):
* Diversion:
* French Drain System: This involves creating a gravel-filled trench around the foundation, lined with geotextile fabric. A perforated pipe at the bottom of the trench collects the water and directs it away from the foundation. This is a common solution for small to moderate springs.
* Cut-off Wall: A physical barrier (concrete, sheet piling, etc.) can be installed to intercept the spring's flow and redirect it around the foundation. This is more suitable for significant springs.
* Collection and Pumping:
* Sump Pump System: Create a sump (a pit in the foundation) to collect the water. A sump pump automatically pumps the water away from the foundation. This is often used in conjunction with a drain tile system.
* Sealing (Use with Extreme Caution):
* Grouting: In some very limited cases, if the spring is extremely small and the soil is stable, grouting (injecting a sealing compound into the soil) *might* be considered. However, this is generally not recommended unless done by an expert and with careful monitoring. Sealing the spring can simply redirect the water elsewhere, potentially causing problems later. It can also build up hydrostatic pressure.
* Foundation Redesign:
* Deep Foundations (Piles or Piers): If the spring is too significant to divert or manage easily, the foundation may need to be redesigned to use deep foundations that extend below the water table and into more stable soil.
* Raft Foundation (Mat Slab): A large, reinforced concrete slab that distributes the building's weight over a wider area. This can be used in conjunction with drainage systems.
* Moving the Building: (The most drastic solution) If the spring is too problematic and the site is suitable, it may be necessary to relocate the building footprint to a drier area.
Important Considerations:
* Hydrostatic Pressure: Water pressure against the foundation walls can cause significant damage. Any solution must address this.
* Soil Stability: Saturated soil is often less stable than dry soil. The geotechnical engineer will assess the soil's bearing capacity and make recommendations to ensure the foundation can support the building's weight.
* Long-Term Monitoring: Even after a solution is implemented, it's important to monitor the area for signs of water intrusion or settlement.
* Permitting: Any changes to the foundation design or drainage systems will likely require permits from your local building department.
* Water Rights: Be aware of local regulations regarding water rights and potential impact on nearby wells or water sources. Diverting or managing a spring might require permits.
* Cost: The cost of dealing with a spring can vary significantly depending on the severity of the problem and the chosen solution. Be prepared for potential cost overruns.
In summary, hitting a natural spring requires a careful and professional approach. Don't try to solve it yourself. Contact a geotechnical engineer immediately to assess the situation and recommend the best course of action. Ignoring the problem or attempting a DIY solution can lead to serious and costly structural problems in the future.