* Melanin Removal: Bleach works by breaking down the melanin pigment in hair, which gives it its natural color. This process is a chemical reaction that involves oxidizing the melanin molecules.
* Hair Cuticle Damage: The strong chemicals in bleach can damage the hair cuticle, the outermost layer of the hair shaft. This damage can lead to:
* Porosity: The hair becomes more porous, meaning it absorbs moisture and products more easily, potentially leading to frizziness and dryness.
* Roughness: The hair can feel rough and brittle to the touch.
* Increased breakage: The weakened hair shaft is more prone to breakage.
* Structural Weakening: Bleach can also weaken the hair's internal structure, known as the cortex, which is responsible for its strength and elasticity. This weakening can contribute to further damage and breakage.
Important Note: While bleach can be used to achieve desired hair colors, it's crucial to use it carefully and with proper techniques to minimize damage. Consulting a professional hairstylist is always recommended.