* Ancient Egypt (around 4000 BCE): This is where eyeshadow, as we know it, truly began to flourish. Both men and women used kohl (a dark pigment made from galena, malachite, and other minerals) to line their eyes and apply it as a shadow. Egyptians believed makeup had magical properties and offered protection from the sun and evil spirits. The Egyptians also used green eyeshadow made from malachite.
* Ancient Mesopotamia (around 4000 BCE): Similar to the Egyptians, Mesopotamians also used kohl for cosmetic and ritualistic purposes.
* Ancient Greece and Rome: Cosmetics, including eyeshadow, were used, but not as ubiquitously as in Egypt. They adopted some of the Egyptian practices.
* East Asia: Geishas used pressed rice powder and various dyes for eyeshadow and other makeup.
* Middle Ages and Renaissance Europe: Makeup use declined in some periods due to religious restrictions. However, some wealthy individuals still used cosmetics discreetly.
* Victorian Era: Heavy makeup was generally frowned upon, but subtle enhancements, like lightly tinted eyeshadow, were sometimes used.
* Early 20th Century: The modern makeup industry began to emerge. Eye shadow formulations started to evolve with safer ingredients and wider color ranges. Actresses like Theda Bara popularized dramatic eye makeup.
* 1920s: Flapper culture embraced bolder makeup looks, including dark eyeshadow.
* Mid-20th Century (1950s-1960s): Eyeshadow became increasingly popular, with new formulations and color palettes. The "cat eye" look was iconic.
* Late 20th Century and Beyond: The eyeshadow industry exploded with a vast array of colors, textures, and application techniques. Eyeshadow continues to be a staple in the makeup world, constantly evolving with trends and innovations.