1. Cuticle:
* Raises the Cuticle: Bleach causes the outer layer of the hair, the cuticle, to lift and become rough. This makes the hair more porous and susceptible to damage.
* Weakens the Cuticle: The chemical process weakens the bonds that hold the cuticle together, making it prone to breakage and split ends.
2. Cortex:
* Degrades Melanin: Bleach contains chemicals that penetrate the cortex, the middle layer of the hair, and break down the melanin molecules responsible for color.
* Damages Keratin: The process also damages the keratin protein that gives hair its strength and elasticity, leaving it brittle and weak.
3. Medulla:
* Minimal Impact: The medulla, the innermost layer of the hair, is less affected by bleach.
Overall Effects:
* Color Change: Bleach removes pigment, resulting in lighter hair.
* Damage and Breakage: The process weakens and damages the hair structure, making it more prone to breakage, dryness, and split ends.
* Porosity: Bleaching increases hair porosity, meaning it can absorb and hold more moisture.
* Texture Change: Hair can become rougher and less manageable.
* Loss of Strength and Elasticity: Bleached hair is weaker and less elastic, making it more susceptible to breakage and damage.
To minimize damage:
* Use a professional hair stylist for bleaching.
* Use high-quality bleach and developer.
* Follow proper bleaching techniques.
* Use deep conditioning treatments regularly.
* Avoid heat styling tools as much as possible.
Important note: Bleaching is a harsh chemical process that can cause significant damage to the hair. It's crucial to approach it with caution and use appropriate precautions to minimize damage.