* Polymers: These are the core ingredient that provides the hold. Common polymers include polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), acrylates copolymer, and vinyl acetate copolymers. They create a thin film on the hair, holding it in place.
* Solvents: These dissolve the polymers and allow the spray to be evenly distributed. Common solvents include alcohol (like ethanol or isopropanol) and water. Some formulations also use volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as dimethyl ether (DME).
* Plasticizers: These make the polymer film more flexible and less brittle, preventing flaking. Examples include glycerin, lanolin derivatives, and certain oils.
* Neutralizers: These balance the pH of the formula. Aminomethyl propanol is a common neutralizer.
* Silicones: These add shine, smoothness, and help to control frizz. Dimethicone and cyclomethicone are frequently used.
* Fragrances: To provide a pleasant scent.
* Propellants (for aerosol sprays): These are the gases that propel the hair spray out of the can. Common propellants include hydrocarbons like propane, butane, and isobutane, or compressed gases like dimethyl ether (DME).
* Additives:
* UV filters: To protect hair from sun damage.
* Conditioning agents: Such as panthenol (pro-vitamin B5) to moisturize and strengthen hair.
* Antistatic agents: To reduce static electricity and flyaways.
* Preservatives: To prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi.