1. Bleach (Powder or Cream): This is the most common and strongest type of lightener. It typically uses a combination of persulfates and a developer (hydrogen peroxide) to lift pigment from the hair. Powder bleach is usually mixed with a developer to create a paste or cream. Cream bleaches often have oils and conditioning agents to help mitigate damage. Bleach is very effective for achieving significant lightening, but can also be the most damaging if not used carefully.
2. Oil Lighteners: These are generally the gentlest type of lightener. They contain oils that help to protect the hair shaft while lightening. They lift less dramatically than bleach and are best suited for subtle lightening or for those with fine or delicate hair. Oil lighteners are good for lifting only a shade or two.
3. High-Lift Tints: While technically hair color rather than just lightener, high-lift tints are designed to lighten and deposit color in a single process. They contain a higher concentration of ammonia and developer than standard hair colors, allowing them to lift several levels. They are best used on virgin hair (uncolored hair) or hair that has not been previously lightened. Because they deposit color, they may not be suitable if you want to achieve a very light blonde or pastel shade, since they don't offer as much lift and you may get less than pure results.