Here's a more detailed breakdown of the composition:
* Keratin (80-90%): This fibrous protein is the key structural component, providing strength and flexibility. The specific type of keratin found in nails is harder and more tightly packed than the keratin in skin.
* Water (7-12%): Water content affects nail flexibility. Low water content makes nails brittle and prone to splitting.
* Lipids (1%): Lipids contribute to the nail's suppleness and help prevent water loss.
* Minerals and Trace Elements (1%): These include calcium, iron, zinc, sulfur, and others. While they're present in small amounts, they play a role in nail health and appearance. Sulfur, in particular, contributes to the hardness of the nail. The presence of some of these minerals can impact nail color or strength. While often cited, *calcium deficiencies do not directly impact nail strength*.
In summary, keratin is the major component of nails, with water, lipids, and trace minerals playing supporting roles in their structure and function.