* Keratin: The main component of nails is a protein called keratin. Keratin is a fibrous structural protein that is also found in hair and skin. It's very tough and relatively impermeable to water.
* Lipids: Nails contain natural oils and lipids (fats) which help to provide water resistance. These lipids are secreted from the nail bed and surrounding skin.
* Tight Cell Packing: The cells in the nail plate are tightly packed together, creating a dense barrier that makes it difficult for water to penetrate.
* Nail Plate Structure: The nail plate is composed of layers of flattened, dead cells. These layers overlap, creating a barrier that is difficult for water to pass through.
While nails are relatively waterproof, they are not completely impermeable. Prolonged exposure to water can cause nails to absorb some moisture, making them more flexible and prone to damage. This is why nails can become softer and bend more easily after soaking in water for an extended period.