* Water (Aqua): The most common ingredient, acting as a solvent.
* Emollients: Soften and soothe the skin. Examples include:
* Oils: Mineral oil, jojoba oil, almond oil, coconut oil
* Butters: Shea butter, cocoa butter
* Fatty acids: Stearic acid, linoleic acid
* Humectants: Attract moisture to the skin. Examples include:
* Glycerin
* Hyaluronic acid
* Propylene glycol
* Emulsifiers: Help water and oil mix together. Examples include:
* Cetyl alcohol
* Stearyl alcohol
* Polysorbates
* Preservatives: Prevent the growth of bacteria and mold. Examples include:
* Parabens (e.g., methylparaben, propylparaben)
* Phenoxyethanol
* Potassium sorbate
* Thickeners: Give the lotion a desired consistency. Examples include:
* Carbomers
* Xanthan gum
* Fragrances: Provide a pleasant scent.
* Colorants: Add color to the product.
* Active ingredients: Provide specific benefits, such as:
* Sunscreen: Zinc oxide, titanium dioxide
* Anti-aging: Retinol, peptides, antioxidants
* Acne treatment: Salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide
The specific substance used depends on the type of lotion or cosmetic and its intended purpose.