Natural Hair:
* Human Hair: This is the highest quality and most realistic option. It can be styled, dyed, and treated like natural hair. Human hair beards are often used in high-budget productions and films where realism is paramount. The sourcing of human hair is a complex issue, and reputable wig and beard makers prioritize ethical sourcing.
* Yak Hair: This is a coarser, more matte alternative to human hair. It's often used when a more rugged or historical look is desired. It's also less expensive than human hair.
* Angora Hair: Fine and soft, often blended with other hairs to create a natural look with good movement.
Synthetic Fibers:
* Kanekalon: A popular synthetic fiber that mimics the look and feel of human hair. It's heat-resistant, lightweight, and relatively inexpensive. Kanekalon comes in a wide variety of colors and textures.
* Toyokalon: Similar to Kanekalon, but often a bit more affordable.
* Modacrylic: Another common synthetic fiber used in wigs and beards. It's durable, heat-resistant, and comes in a variety of colors.
Theatrical Crepe Hair:
* This is not a material used to create a full beard from scratch, rather a material used to fill gaps, add texture or create individual hairs on the face. Crepe hair comes in long, rope-like strands of various colors and materials and is applied in small pieces using spirit gum, and styled to the desired look.
Other Materials (Less Common):
* Wool: Sometimes used for very stylized or cartoonish beards.
* Yarn: Similar to wool, but often brighter and more artificial-looking.
* Craft Furs: Generally reserved for costume beards rather than theatrical ones requiring more realism.
Adhesives and Base Materials:
Besides the hair material, other components are crucial:
* Lace Base: Fine lace, usually Swiss lace or similar material, is often used as a base to which the hair is attached. This creates a realistic hairline and allows the beard to blend seamlessly with the skin.
* Netting: Used as a base, especially for larger beards.
* Spirit Gum: A common adhesive used to attach beards and other facial hair pieces. It's solvent-based and requires a remover.
* Silicone Adhesive: Used for more permanent or long-lasting applications.
* Medical Adhesive: Skin safe, and used when actors have sensitive skin.
In summary, the best material for a theatrical beard depends on:
* The budget: Human hair is the most expensive, followed by yak hair, then synthetic fibers.
* The desired look: Realism often requires human hair or high-quality synthetic fibers.
* The performance conditions: Durability and heat resistance are important for performers under hot lights.
* The actor's skin sensitivity: Hypoallergenic adhesives and base materials may be necessary.
Professional wig and beard makers will consider all these factors when creating a beard for a specific production.