* Alcohol-based sanitizers:
* Ethanol (Ethyl alcohol): Typically used in concentrations of 60-95%.
* Isopropanol (Isopropyl alcohol): Also used in concentrations of 60-95%. Sometimes used in combination with ethanol.
* Non-alcohol-based sanitizers:
* Benzalkonium chloride (BAC): A quaternary ammonium compound.
It is important to note that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends using alcohol-based hand sanitizers with at least 60% ethanol or 70% isopropanol. These are more effective at killing germs than non-alcohol-based sanitizers or those with lower alcohol concentrations.
Some sanitizers may also contain other ingredients, such as:
* Moisturizers: Glycerin, aloe vera, or vitamin E to prevent skin dryness.
* Thickeners: Carbomer or other polymers to give the sanitizer a gel-like consistency.
* Fragrances: To improve the scent.
* Preservatives: To prevent the growth of bacteria or fungi in the sanitizer.
The effectiveness of a sanitizer depends on the active ingredient and its concentration, as well as proper use (applying enough sanitizer and rubbing it thoroughly over all surfaces of the hands for the recommended time).