* Pigments are finely ground, insoluble particles that are dispersed in the nail polish formula to provide color. They can be organic (carbon-based) or inorganic (mineral-based). Common pigments include iron oxides, titanium dioxide, ultramarines, and various organic dyes.
* Dyes are soluble colorants that dissolve in the nail polish solvent. They generally produce brighter, more transparent colors compared to pigments.