The nail matrix is a specialized area of tissue located at the base of the nail, under the cuticle. It's like a mini-factory for your nails! Here's what happens:
* Cells in the matrix divide and multiply rapidly. These cells are called keratinocytes, and they contain a protein called keratin.
* As the cells move upwards, they are pushed away from the matrix and become packed with keratin. This process is called keratinization.
* The keratinized cells harden and flatten, forming the tough, protective nail plate.
The nail matrix determines the thickness, shape, and overall appearance of the nail.