* "Parfum": This is the closest equivalent. "Extrait de Parfum" or simply "Extrait" in French denotes the highest concentration of fragrance oils, typically between 20% and 40%. In the US, "Parfum" also indicates the highest concentration, but sometimes this is used to refer to any fragrance.
* "Perfume": Similar to above, for the American market this term would be used to refer to the highest concentration as well.
Why no direct equivalent?
* Marketing: American marketing often favors simpler terms. "Parfum" is easily recognizable and understood by a wider audience.
* Regulatory variations: While both markets are regulated, there are slight variations in definitions, though this has become more unified.
In short:
When you see "extrait" or "extract" on a French perfume, look for "Parfum" or "Perfume" on an equivalent American product. Be aware, though, that some brands may use more creative or descriptive terms to highlight the concentration or quality of their fragrance.