1. Oils & Waxes:
* Oils: Provide moisture, shine, and lubrication. Common examples include castor oil, coconut oil, mineral oil, and jojoba oil.
* Waxes: Give lipstick its structure and shape, and help it stay on the lips. Common examples include beeswax, candelilla wax, and carnauba wax.
2. Pigments:
* Colorants: These provide the lipstick's color. They can be natural, like iron oxides or mica, or synthetic, like FD&C dyes.
* Pearlescent pigments: Add shine and shimmer. These are usually made from mica or titanium dioxide.
3. Emollients:
* Moisturizers: Help keep the lips hydrated and soft. Common examples include shea butter, cocoa butter, and lanolin.
* Emollients: Provide smoothness and a comfortable feel. Common examples include lanolin, beeswax, and petroleum jelly.
4. Other Ingredients:
* Antioxidants: Protect the lips from free radical damage. Common examples include vitamin E and green tea extract.
* Sunscreens: Protect the lips from harmful UV rays. Common examples include zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.
* Fragrances: Add a pleasant scent.
* Preservatives: Help prevent bacterial growth and extend shelf life.
Note: The exact ingredients and their proportions can differ significantly between brands and formulas. It's always best to check the ingredient list on the product packaging for specific information.