An essential oil is a highly valuable commodity that is distilled from stems, barks, flowers, seeds, fruits, leaves and other parts of a plant. Various technologies are available today that can be utilized to synthesis essential oils. This can be done from over 3,000 varieties of plants and of which 300 hold a real high commercial value. Most of the flowers hold a very less quantity of volatile oil. This can be due to the complexity in the chemical composition which can result in denaturation of proteins upon subjecting to pretty high temperatures in case of steam distillation. This is the reason why very less quantity of essential oil can be derived in the case of a few plants.
Various solvents are made use of when it comes to the extraction of essential oils. Supercritical carbon dioxide and hexane are the most popularly used solvents in the Indian essential oil industry today. Though there are several other solvents available, these are pretty economical and help in maximum extraction. The extracts that are derived from hydrophobic solvents and from hexane are referred to as concretes. A concrete is a mixture of waxes, essential oils, lipophilic plant material and resins.
A major portion of essential oil is derived from agricultural plants. However, even wild plant sources are made use of in the extraction of essential oils. Essential oils are antiviral, antifungal, antimicrobial and antibacterial. These greatly help people with poor cases of digestion. These don't require much storage space and also require no refrigeration. These also possess the longest shelf life and are highly oxygenating. The more you make use of essential oils, the less you need them. This property renders them cost effective.
Although essential oils have several benefits, there are several production constraints associated with them. The production of essential oils, especially in a country like India requires one to focus greatly on field maintenance and farm practices to derive yield of very high quality. A lot of technical support is needed when it comes to the production of these essential oils. A lot of input needs to be provided while extracting essential oils, and it is certainly not an easy task. Essential oil manufactures in India are very well aware of this fact. However, the Indian industry is growing at a rapid pace and has even made a mark for itself globally.
The major producers of essential oils in the world are China, Egypt, Brazil, India, USA, Guatemala, Indonesia, Morocco and Mexico. If the USA is left out, it can be noticed that all other nations are developing nations. About 65% of the essential oil production is contributed by the developing nations. The major consumption of essential oil takes place in Japan (7%), Western Europe (30%) and USA (40%). Europe dominates the market when it comes to world trade, exports and the imports of essential oil commodities.
Though India doesn't fall into the list of major consumer of essential oils, it still has an immense potential when it comes to trade. This can be evidenced by the growth of the essential oil supplier and essential oil manufacturers in India.
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